The frequency of HMGA2 positivity was particularly high in cancers of the ovary and the endometrium (59–100%), bilio-pancreatic cancers (48.1–73.3%), thyroidal neoplasms (28.4–97.4%), salivary gland neoplasms (15.2–79.2%), non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (3.2–95.6%), colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas (65.3–73.2%), gastro-esophageal adenocarcinomas (37.4–75.5%), papillary renal cell carcinomas (61.7%), and in squamous cell carcinomas of various origins (36–81.5%). Here, HMGA2 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.