However, such analysis on patients undergoing therapy poses a high confounding risk, as (chemo)therapies can be direct drivers of CHIP (particularly in mutations in DNA damage response pathway genes [41]) or give further advantage to the mutated clones, and due to the existence of shared CHIP and cancer risk factors (e.g., age, smoking), which limit the ability of these studies to make casual conclusions about the risk associations between CHIP and cancer. The gene discussed is STUB1; the disease is cancer.