TLR4 and infection: Muramidase-released protein (MRP) -induced innate inflammation was revealed to be ameliorated by DHA through inactivation of TLR4-dependent NF-κB signaling.60 Moreover, DHA was potent in reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.61,62 In this study, for the first time, the anti-inflammation effect of DHA was linked to purine salvage by its interaction with PNP, which deepened understanding of DHA in modulating metabolism and infection.