Recent studies have transformed our perception of ncRNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), from seemingly redundant transcriptional products to functional RNAs that actively regulate various cellular processes, like epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis, by modulating gene expression and signal transduction.73 For instance, miR-196b-5p by downregulating TSPAN12 and GATA6,74 and miR-142-3p by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway through HMGB1 inhibition,75 have been reported to drive tumor progression in NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and cancer.