GPC1 and neoplasm: Both heparan and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans, including notable components like Syndecan-1 (SDC1)63–65, Glypican-1 (GPC1)66–68 and Brevican (BCAN)69–71 found in this study, have previously been identified to be integral in mediating tumor invasiveness and poor patient outcomes.