To explore whether SpatialSNV is able to identify essential SNVs in tumorigenesis, we utilized transcriptomics data to divide the tumor section into the tumor (marked by EPCAM and other tumor-associated markers), tumor-adjacent margins (marked by VIM, COL1A2, PTPRC), and normal tissues (Fig. 2A, B, Supplementary Fig. S3). Here, VIM is linked to neoplasm.