The combination of photothermal ablation, immune activation, and alleviation of hypoxia resulted in notable antitumor efficacy in MB49 tumor-bearing mice, as suggested by downregulation of immunosuppressive markers (e.g., PD-L1 and M2 macrophages) and upregulation of immune-stimulatory markers (e.g., CD8+ T cells, DCs, NK cells, and M1 macrophages). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.