We excluded individuals with at least one diagnostic code for SLE or common autoimmune diseases known to be associated with a positive ANA (n=4424, online supplemental table S1), those without an ANA titre reported or with a titre of 1:40 (n=863), those who were also included in the eMERGE cohort (n=801) and those from ancestries other than European (n=1177). This evidence concerns the gene BTG3 and autoimmune disease.