A study conducted in healthy dogs undergoing elective surgery reported an increase in HA following anesthetic IV fluid administration (at 5 mL/kg/hr and 10 mL/kg/h) [17] and a retrospective case series of 8 dogs with septic peritonitis followed daily during their recovery reported a significant effect of cumulative IV fluid volume on HA concentration when accounting for IL-6 concentration [63]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and septic peritonitis.