Advanced glycation end-products are a class of heterogeneous compounds that promote low-density lipoprotein modification, induce oxidative stress, activate Toll-like receptor 4-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling, and drive fibrosis and endothelial dysfunction, all of which are implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease (34–36). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.