TGFB1 and myocardial infarction: In vitro: Enhances H9c2 cell viability post-H/R injury, reduces ROS generation and apoptosis; In vivo: Reduces myocardial infarction area, improves cardiac function, alleviates myocardial injury; Attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis (downregulates TGF-β/Smad); Targets FoxO3a to activate anti-apoptotic pathways