Furthermore, in individuals diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET), there is a notable increase in the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4, which contribute to the activation of platelets and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, thereby intensifying thrombo-inflammatory reactions (85). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is essential thrombocythemia.