MAPT and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a classic multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by hallmark pathological features including Aβ aberrant deposition forming senile plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau protein-induced neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic plasticity impairment-triggered neural network dysfunction as core pathological mechanisms (Basurto-Islas et al., 2025).