NF-κB-driven immune evasion operates through PD-L1 upregulation on tumor cells and stromal elements, suppressing CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity while recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Tregs to establish an immunosuppressive barrier—a mechanism validated in therapy-resistant NSCLC subtypes (94). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.