NFKB1 and neoplasm: In senescent cells, DNA damage triggers ATM/ATR kinase activation, which phosphorylates the IKK complex to degrade IκBα, enabling nuclear translocation of the p65/p50 heterodimer—a prerequisite for SASP factor transcription (IL-6, IL-8, MMP9) that fosters a tumor-promoting inflammatory niche (92).