CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: First, although TAMs are the most abundant cell types in the TME and serve as key indicators of TME transformation, the role of other immune cell types, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and B cells, in the formation of a suppressive immune microenvironment were not comprehensively explored in the current study, and their interactions with ZEB2 require further examination to provide a more holistic understanding of the immune landscape in EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC.