GFAP and multiple sclerosis: GFAP, a type‐III intermediate filament, is a cell‐specific marker distinguishing ACs during CNS development.[192] Increased GFAP expression has been associated with astrocytic responses to oxidative stress related to aging or hormonal mechanisms linked to the aging process.[193] The developed microfluidic assay was utilized to analyze GFAP concentrations in AD, multiple sclerosis (MS), and control patients, establishing correlations with a commercial GFAP kit.