CCL2 and nephritis: The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed through the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and NF-κB. Glycerol injection increased the oxidative stress as well as the kidney inflammation compared to the control, nevertheless, thymol treatment significantly decreased the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, (MCP-1) and NF-κB p65 were markedly downregulated (Table 3) compared with the control group.