INS and Insulin resistance: Activated PPARγ may enhance the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to improve insulin sensitivity [54]; Activated PPARγ can elevate glucose transporter-4 expression, augment glucose uptake, and ameliorate insulin resistance [55]; PI3K activation may expedite triglyceride decomposition in peripheral tissues, elevate its synthesis in adipose tissue, and suppress glucagon production [56].