TNF and atopic eczema: The findings revealed that astragalin (the main compound of the chloroform-soluble fraction of leaves from this species) decreased proinflammatory markers, such as nitric oxide in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells) and IL-6 and IL-1β in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α)/interferon γ (IFNγ)-stimulated HaCaT cells, significantly reducing atopic dermatitis in animal models [84].