TNF and Dysmenorrhea: In the secondary analyses, there was a non-statistically significant suggestion that dysmenorrhea severity increased with increasing TNF-α levels among the controls (GM for none/mild of 6.94 with 95% CI of 6.70–7.19 vs. GM for severe of 7.18 with 95% CI of 6.41–8.05; p-trend = 0.07), with a significant interaction between dysmenorrhea severity and TNF-α levels between the cases and controls (p-int = 0.04) when the TNF-α levels were measured using the Ella platform (Table S5).