Rap1B deletion (inducible VE-cadherin-Cre knockout) impairs VEGF-A-VEGFR2–induced vascular immunosuppression and increases expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in response to Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, enhancing leukocyte recruitment and CD8+ T-cell infiltration and activation, reducing tumor burden in a melanoma model [40] (Figure 1). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.