Concurrently, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (the first anti-CTLA antibody ipilimumab was approved in 2011 [5]), and notably of anti-PD-1 antibodies (nivolumab [6] and pembrolizumab [7] were approved in 2014 by the FDA), revolutionized the management of advanced melanoma, establishing these agents as cornerstone therapies and setting new standards of care. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and melanoma.