CX3CR1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Considering all this, it seems that suppressing CX3CR1 can ameliorate glomerulonephritis, but surprisingly, CX3CR1-deficient mice, both male and female, had exacerbated lupus nephritis [40], suggesting that it also plays an important role in suppressing inflammation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).