AKT1 and pheochromocytoma: To interrogate the inside-outside aspect of growth factor-mediated signaling in the pheochromocytoma cells, we used data from Kuroda’s lab [38] on the time-resolved activation of key signaling molecules that contribute to pheochromocytoma differentiation to predict the frequency response of individual enzyme activation (CREB, AKT, ERK and JNK) and the frequency response of differentiation.