Previous studies have demonstrated that MMD patients exhibit sortilin 1 hypomethylation and upregulated expression in endothelial progenitor cells, which dysregulates angiogenic factors (elevating VEGF, VEGFR-1, bFGF, MMP9 while suppressing angiopoietin-1 and thrombospondin 2). Here, VEGFA is linked to multiminicore myopathy.