TGFB1 and multiminicore myopathy: Extensive sequencing research has revealed distinct polymorphisms in various genes with differential expression in MMD populations, which affect growth factor expression and their receptor signaling pathways, including TIE1, TIE2, ANGPT2, PENK, VEGF, PDGFRB, TGFB1, ICAM1, CXCL12, and CAV1 (summarized in Table 1) [29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38].