In addition, alterations of inflammatory markers can be detected along the entire AD continuum, since transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), IL-7, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) have been associated with clinically meaningful cognitive decline over a 1-year follow-up period [13]. Here, ICAM1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.