VEGFA and osteosarcoma: Notably, osteosarcoma demonstrates a strong tendency for pulmonary metastasis in both dogs and humans, with comparable molecular mechanisms and expression profiles implicated in pro-metastatic activity, including the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathways, and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition [14,45].