A central role is played by intracellular inflammasomes, particularly NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), which mediate the production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), which are cytokines implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19-related brain injury [54,70]. Here, IL18 is linked to neurodegenerative disease.