Once the S100A8/A9-MCAM complex is formed, two main pathways are activated: NF-kB, which regulates proliferation, survival, and tumor migration, further increasing the expression of MCAM, and the production of ROS, which fuels the pre-existing inflammatory state and instead increases the expression of S100A8/A9 [65]. Here, IGKV1D-22 is linked to neoplasm.