Genetic testing is another facet: if an infertile man is found to have a genetic syndrome like Klinefelter or the carriers of BRCA (which can cause infertility and increase prostate cancer risk), then appropriate cancer surveillance (e.g., breast cancer screening for Klinefelter, early PSA for BRCA2 carriers) should be undertaken [105]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.