In the PARAGON-HF trial, Shen et al. conducted a prespecified analysis examining cognitive function in HFpEF patients and identified that higher NT-proBNP levels, older age, and vascular comorbidities (including hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and prior stroke) were independently associated with worse cognitive performance [24]. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.