Increased concentrations of HAI-1, STMN-1 and TN-C (especially STMN-1 and the combination of HAI-1+STMN-1) in the urine of patients with BC may indicate the appearance of neoplastic changes in the bladder, and thus provide additional prognostic information on the results of treatment and possible disease recurrence. Here, STMN1 is linked to breast cancer.