In HCC tumors, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) predominantly exhibit an M2-like phenotype, secreting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) to suppress cytotoxic T-cell activity and to facilitate pathologic angiogenesis. Here, VEGFA is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.