A randomised phase 3 CheckMate 066 trial including 418 previously untreated patients with stage III or IV melanoma without a BRAF mutation found that patients treated with nivolumab had a significantly higher objective response rate and 1-year survival rate than patients who received dacarbazine, 40% versus 13.9% and 72.9% versus 42.1%, respectively [64]. Here, BRAF is linked to melanoma.