In the univariate analyses, several risk factors were identified: age [22], sex [19], BMI [19,22,30], ASA score [22], EBL > 30 mL [19], preoperative C-reactive protein [30], preoperative albumin [30], tumor size [22], T stage [30], and lack of duodenal stump reinforcement [19,30]. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and neoplasm.