CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: First utilized for the treatment of advanced melanoma, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies have revolutionized the management of advanced NSCLC, with multiple agents that are now FDA-approved for various disease stages, including pembrolizumab [110], atezolizumab [111], nivolumab [112], cemiplimab [113], ipilimumab [114], tremelimumab [115], and durvalumab [116,117].