INS and Alzheimer disease: Our findings that lowering PA intake in women diminished the muscle level of phosphorylated JNK and the serum concentration of ferritin [12] mirrors the results of at least some cell-based studies of the effects of PA [88] and shows that our dietary intervention will reduce not only systemic inflammatory tone but also oxidative stress, which plays a role in the pathogenesis of AD by antagonizing insulin signaling in the brain [89].