VEGFA and neoplasm: Inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), infiltrate the tumor site and secrete immunosuppressive molecules, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [16,17].