TGFB1 and Infertility: This study found that oral administration of L. salivarius CECT5713 to women with infertility of unknown origin is associated to an increase in the vaginal concentrations of VEGF and TGFβ1, which is in agreement with the results obtained with the same strain and with other L. salivarius strains in previous pilot open-labelled trials targeting the same condition and, also, women with repetitive abortion [17,44].