Persistent PSA is associated with significantly worse 10-year cancer progression-free survival (CPFS: 63.8% vs. 93.5%), CSS (78.5% vs. 98.3%), and overall survival (OS: 54% vs. 83.2%) compared to those with undetectable PSA (all p < 0.001) [32]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is cancer.