GAPDH and Alzheimer disease: Mutation or reduced expression or activity of glycolytic enzymes including hexokinase (HK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, Alzheimer's disease, and ALS, respectively [[148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153]].