These findings include elevated PD-L1 levels in the serum of children with ALL at diagnosis (67); upregulation of inhibitory molecules such as TIM-3, NR4A1, and BATF on CD8+ T cells in bone marrow aspirates from children with PAX5 mutation (64), and significantly higher TIM-3 mRNA expression in peripheral blood and BM of ALL patients (1.7- and 5-fold higher, respectively, compared to controls) (66). This evidence concerns the gene PAX5 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.