MAPK1 and infection: We tested the functional role of MAPK signaling in infection by using a SINV virus containing a genomic promoter driving luciferase expression.22 HEK293T cells were pretreated for one hour with either a control, 1 μM MAPK inhibitor cocktail (doramapimod [p38 inhibitor], JNK-IN-8 [JNK inhibitor], and U-0126 [MEK/ERK inhibitor]), or 1 μM ruxolitinib (a JAK/STAT pathway inhibitor), followed by infection with SINV strain Toto1101/Luc at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.