To first investigate the biochemical impact of AD and LATE pathology, we performed immunoassays and mass spectrometry to quantify key disease-associated proteins, including phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43), phosphorylated Tau at threonine 231 (pTau231) to total Tau ratio, and Aβ42 (measured by TMT-MS as described60) across control, AD, LATE, and AD+LATE subgroups (Figure 1B). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.