TLR4 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Indeed, experiments conducted in an NLRP6-deficient transgenic mouse model revealed that intestinal dysbiosis and loss of A. muciniphila disrupted epithelial barrier integrity and promoted hepatic monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC) expansion in a TLR4-dependent manner, suppressing CD8+ T-cell activity and accelerating HCC progression—an effect reversible by antibiotic treatment or A. muciniphila reconstitution [67].