TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Regulating inflammatory factors such as ILs plays a crucial role in restoring immune homeostasis in RA.12,13 ITA and TET2 have been shown to regulate the production of various cytokines, including the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18, and we previously reported that ITA suppresses inflammatory responses in macrophages by inhibiting TET2 activity.28,40,41 These results suggest that ITA and TET2 can not only regulate the excessive activation of osteoclasts, but also impact the inflammatory microenvironment in RA through their effects on key inflammatory mediators.