AKT1 and colorectal cancer: In this study, we utilized two PDO lines: first, an MSS AKT–mutant and AKT-amplified organoid that was derived from a metastatic colorectal cancer sample (patient F-016 in ref. 14) and, second, an MSI mismatch repair–deficient (MMRd) organoid that was derived from a primary colorectal cancer (CRC0282 from ref. 13).