In addition, whereas CD8+ T cells produce a high level of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF‐α, the presence of these cells (CD8+ TNF‐α+ T cells) in the GBM intermediate layer negatively correlates with OS, suggesting that TNF‐α should be considered as a new therapeutic option for GBM patients. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is glioblastoma.