We first evaluated the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells using flow cytometry, calculated as percentage of CD3+ T cells among TILs from tumor samples resected in white light (W‐L GBM) or from tumor samples resected with 5‐ALA‐assisted surgery and from PMNC of nine paired patients for each cohort. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is glioblastoma.