TP53 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: For instance, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) frequently develops lung metastases, and it has been suggested that the depletion of the Survivin gene specifically reduces Trp53R172H (a hotspot mutation in TP53)-driven lung metastases, and that high levels of Survivin expression are associated with increased metastasis in several gastrointestinal cancers [28,29].