INS and diabetes mellitus: The study populations were uniquely European, Mexican, and Chinese descent and varied in the number of clinical variables used (8 to 12), including from the following: sex, family history of diabetes, educational attainment, and measures of glucose metabolism and response; blood pressure; body mass and anthropometry; insulin resistance and β-cell function, lipids; liver enzymes; and imaging-based measures of body fat distribution and liver fat content (28).